همه چیز در مورد امتحان GRE Subject
GRE Subject برای زیست شناسی دو شاخه است:1- زیست عمومی 2- بیوشیمی و زیست سلولی و مولکولی. برای ادامه تحصیل در گرایشهای زیست شناسی مورد 2 یعنی بیوشیمی و زیست سلولی و مولکولی پیشنهاد می شود.
این امتحان شامل 180 سوال تخصصی 5 گزینه ایست که با احتساب نمره منفی هر 4 جواب غلط، طیف نمرات از 200 تا 900 است.این امتحان سه بار در سال در ماه های آوریل،سپتامبر و اکتبر بصورت paper-based برگزار میشود.
منابع برای بیوشیمی: بیوشیمی استرایر، برای زیست سلولی و مولکولی: آلبرت میباشد.
جزوه ی انگلیسی خلاصه شده برای GRE Subject بیوشیمی و زیست سلولی و مولکولی بهمراه سه سری نمونه سوال تهیه شده که به قیمت ۵۰ هزار تومان برای شما ایمیل خواهد شد.
پس از واریز مبلغ پنجاه هزار تومان به جمعیت امام علی
https://donate.sosapoverty.org
مشخصات واریز را به ایمیل sepideh_khazeni@yahoo.com
بفرستید تا در کمترین زمان ممکن جزوه برای شما ایمیل شود.
سرفصل مطالب برگرفته از سایت ETS
I. BIOCHEMISTRY — 36%
- Chemical and Physical Foundations
- Thermodynamics and kinetics
- Redox states
- Water, pH, acid-base reactions and buffers
- Solutions and equilibria
- Solute-solvent interactions
- Chemical interactions and bonding
- Chemical reaction mechanisms
- Structural Biology: Structure, Assembly, Organization and Dynamics
- Small molecules
- Macromolecules (e.g., nucleic acids, polysaccharides, polypeptide, complex lipids)
- Supramolecular complexes (e.g., membranes, ribosomes, multienzyme complexes)
- Macromolecular structure and function
- Catalysis and Binding
- Enzyme reaction mechanisms and kinetics
- Ligand-protein interaction (e.g., receptors, substrates and effectors, transport proteins, antigen-antibody interactions)
- Interplay between structure and function
- Major Metabolic Pathways
- Carbon, nitrogen and sulfur assimilation
- Anabolism
- Catabolism
- Synthesis and degradation of macromolecules
- Bioenergetics (including respiration and photosynthesis)
- Energy transformations at the substrate level
- Electron transport
- Proton and chemical gradients
- Energy coupling (e.g., phosphorylation, transport)
- Regulation and Integration of Metabolism
- Covalent modification of enzymes
- Allosteric regulation
- Compartmentation
- Hormones
- Methods
- Biophysical approaches (e.g., spectroscopy, x-ray crystallography, mass spectroscopy)
- Isotopes
- Separation techniques (e.g., centrifugation, chromatography, electrophoresis)
- Immunotechniques
- Macromolecular structure
II. CELL BIOLOGY — 28%
Methods of importance to cellular biology, such as fluorescence probes (e.g., FRAP, FRET, GFP) and imaging, cell sorting and proteomics will be covered as appropriate within the context of the content below.
- Cellular Compartments of Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes: Organization, Dynamics and Functions
- Cellular membrane systems (e.g., structure, function, transport across membranes, water regulation)
- Nucleus (e.g., envelope, matrix, nuclear transport)
- Mitochondria and chloroplasts (e.g., general function, biogenesis, evolution)
- Cell Surface and Communication (in context of development and adult organisms)
- Extracellular matrix (including cell walls)
- Cell adhesion and junctions
- Signal transduction
- Receptor function
- Excitable membrane systems
- Cytoskeleton, Motility and Shape
- Regulation of assembly and disassembly of filament systems
- Motor function, regulation and diversity
- Muscle function
- Cell motility
- Protein, Processing, Targeting and Turnover
- Translocation across membranes
- Posttranslational modification
- Intracellular trafficking
- Secretion and endocytosis
- Protein turnover (e.g., proteosomes, lysosomes, damaged protein response)
- Cell Division, Differentiation and Development
- Cell cycle, mitosis and cytokinesis
- Meiosis and gametogenesis
- Fertilization and early embryonic development (including positional information, homeotic genes, tissue-specific expression, nuclear and cytoplasmic interactions, growth factors and induction, environment, stem cells and polarity)
- Stem cells (embryonic and adult, role in development)
III. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETICS — 36%
- Genetic Foundations
- Mendelian and non-Mendelian inheritance
- Transformation, transduction and conjugation
- Recombination and complementation
- Mutational analysis
- Genetic mapping and linkage analysis
- Chromatin and Chromosomes
- Karyotypes and genetic diagnostics
- Translocations, inversions, deletions and duplications
- Aneuploidy and polyploidy
- Structure
- Epigenetics
- Genomics
- Genome structure
- Physical mapping
- Repeated DNA and gene families
- Gene identification
- Transposable elements
- Bioinformatics
- Molecular evolution
- Genome Maintenance
- DNA replication
- DNA damage and repair
- DNA modification
- DNA recombination and gene conversion
- Gene Expression
- The genetic code
- Transcription/transcriptional profiling
- RNA processing
- Translation
- Gene Regulation
- Prokaryotic gene regulation including operon control
- Promoter recognition by RNA polymerases
- Prokaryotic attenuation and antitermination
- Cis-acting regulatory elements
- Trans-acting regulatory factors
- Gene rearrangements and amplifications
- Small non-coding RNAs (e.g., siRNA, microRNA)
- Viruses
- Genome replication and regulation
- Virus assembly
- Virus-host interactions
- Methods
- Restriction maps and PCR
- Nucleic acid blotting and hybridization
- DNA cloning in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
- Sequencing and analysis
- Protein-nucleic acid interaction
- Transgenic organisms
- Microarrays
- Proteomics and protein-protein interaction
این وبلاگ برای علاقه مندان به رشتۀ بیوتکنولوژی توسط عده ای از دانشجویان این رشته ایجاد شده و امید است که با یاری دوستان و اساتید محترم بتوان اطلاعات مفیدی را در اختیار علاقه مندان قرار داد.